[ 段明學(xué) ]——(2004-8-23) / 已閱50260次
西南政法大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文
政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)導(dǎo)論(上)
指導(dǎo)教師：宋玉波 教授
作 者：段明學(xué)
中國(guó)·重慶
二OO二年四月
科學(xué)之光普遍照耀，已使人人得見這一明顯的真理：人類并非廣大群眾生來背上帶有鞍座，而少數(shù)人穿著帶刺的長(zhǎng)靴、獨(dú)蒙上帝的恩準(zhǔn)可以合法地來乘騎他們的。
---- [美]托馬斯·杰斐遜
政治領(lǐng)域內(nèi)沒有了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，人民就會(huì)軟弱無能，這是再明顯不過的道理。正是政治組織之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)才向民眾提供了作出選擇的機(jī)會(huì)。沒有這種機(jī)會(huì)，人民主權(quán)就等于零。
----[美]E·E·謝茨施耐德
內(nèi) 容 提 要
政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是現(xiàn)代民主政治的基本標(biāo)志。然而，長(zhǎng)期以來，我們將政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與資本主義聯(lián)系在一起，不敢或不屑于對(duì)此問題進(jìn)行研究。其實(shí)，與市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)沒有階級(jí)性一樣，政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也沒有階級(jí)性。哪個(gè)階級(jí)利用它，它就為哪個(gè)階級(jí)服務(wù)。加強(qiáng)對(duì)政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的研究，已成為中國(guó)政治轉(zhuǎn)型和政治學(xué)面臨的一個(gè)全新課題，本文試圖填補(bǔ)這一空白。
全文共分四個(gè)部分。第一部分，政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)基本理論研究。主要探討了政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的內(nèi)涵、基本特征，關(guān)于政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的學(xué)說，政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的作用等基本理論問題。第二部分，西方政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)透視。本部分客觀地論述了西方政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)生的歷史條件，政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的表現(xiàn)形式，西方政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的本質(zhì)、特色及影響等內(nèi)容。第三部分，中國(guó)政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的歷史考察。對(duì)20世紀(jì)中國(guó)政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)從初步建立到消亡的歷史及其成敗原因作了一個(gè)理性的分析。第四部分，政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：中國(guó)政治民主化的未來。主要探討了政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與中國(guó)民主政治的關(guān)系，中國(guó)實(shí)行政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，走向政治民主化的現(xiàn)實(shí)對(duì)策及其措施。
全文主要運(yùn)用了理論與實(shí)際、歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)相結(jié)合的研究方法，其價(jià)值在于通過對(duì)政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的理論和實(shí)踐、歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)的分析，為我國(guó)政治發(fā)展提供一個(gè)新的理論視角。
Abstract
The political competition is a primary symbol of modern democratic politics. However, it has long been associated with capitalism, which in turn discourages us to study the subject or we may just disdain to study it .Actually, political competition as well as market economy does not connote class distinctions ,instead, it serves whoever making use it. It has become a compelling task for political studies by the twist of China’s political system to make a closer study of the political competition.
The following article consists of four parts. Part one studies the primary theories of political competition, in which the connotation of political competition and its main features, its principal theories and functions are discussed. Part two deals with western political competition, in which its historical background, the way it displays itself, its nature, characters and influences will be observed. Part three studies, with a historical perspective, the political competition in china, in which a rational analysis of past experience and why it rose and fell will be studies. The last but no t the least part intends to suggest that the political democratization in china depends much on political competition. In this part, much attention is focused on the relationship between political competition and democratic politics in china and on the compelling situation that china copes with on its way to political democratization.
The article combines theory and practice as well as history and reality .It aims to provide a new theoretical point of view for the political development of china through the detailed analysis.
目 錄
前言 1
第一部分 政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)一般理論 3
一、政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的內(nèi)涵、特征 3
（一）政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的涵義 3
（二）政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的主要特征 5
二、關(guān)于政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的學(xué)說 9
（一）熊彼特的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)理論 10
（二）薩托利的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)――反饋理論 12
（三）戴蒙德對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)學(xué)說的進(jìn)一步修正 12
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